Introduction to the common fabrics finishing processes

The finishing process of fabrics is the technical treatment that gives the fabrics with color effect, pattern effect and practical effect, etc. The finishing process of fabrics is the process to improve the appearance and feel of the fabrics and to enhance the practical performance.

1. Preshrink

Preshrink is the process of reducing the shrinkage of fabrics after immersion in water by physical methods in order to reduce the shrinkage rate. Mechanical preshrink is the fabric first by spraying steam or spraying to wet, and then applied to the warp mechanical extrusion, so that the flexural wave height increases, and then by loose drying.

2. Stretch

Stretch is the use of the plasticity of cellulose, silk, wool and other fibres in the wet conditions, the width of the fabric gradually broadened to the required size for drying, so that the fabric form can be stable. It is also known as the fixed-width finishing process.

3. Sizing

Sizing refers to the finishing process in which fabrics are dipped in slurry and dried to obtain a thick feel.

4. Heat setting

Heat setting is to make thermoplastic fibres and blended or interwoven fabrics in a relatively stable form, mainly used for heat shrinkage and deformation of nylon or polyester and other synthetic fibres and their blended fabrics processing. The heat-setting fabrics can improve the dimensional stability and feel thick.

5. Whitening

Whitening is the process to increase the whiteness of textiles by using the complementary color principle of light. There are two kinds of whitening methods: blue and fluorescent whitening.

6. Calendering, electroluminescence, and embossing

Calendering is the use of fibre plasticity in hot and humid conditions to flatten the surface of the fabric or roll out parallel fine twill to improve the luster of the fabric. Soft calendering is made up of two soft rollers to form a soft calendering point, after the fabric is ginned and pressed, the yarn is slightly flattened, with a soft lustre and a soft hand.

7. Sanding

Sanding is the process of making a layer of short and dense fluff on the surface of fabrics with sanding rollers. Sanding process can make the warp and weft yarns produce fluff at the same time, and the fluff is short and dense.

8. Napping

Napping is a process of picking up the fibres on the surface of fabrics with dense needles or pricks to form a layer of fluff. It is mainly used for worsted woolen fabrics, acrylic fabrics and cotton fabrics.

9. Shearing

Shearing is the process of cutting off the extra fuzz on the surface of fabrics by shearing machine. Its purpose is to make the fabric weaving pattern clear, smooth surface, or to make the fuzz of fabrics or velvet surface neat.

10. Softening

Softening process includes mechanical finishing and chemical finishing two methods. Mechanical soft finishing is achieved by rubbing the fabric many times, but after finishing the soft effect is not ideal. Chemical softening is to apply softener on the fabric to reduce the friction coefficient between the fiber and yarn, so as to obtain a soft and smooth feel, and the finishing effect is remarkable.

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